{"id":196457,"date":"2020-03-03T22:10:11","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T22:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/"},"modified":"2024-06-26T21:02:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T04:02:37","slug":"build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/","title":{"rendered":"Using Decision Tree Consulting to Build MECE Hypotheses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11241\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?resize=1024%2C512&#038;quality=89&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"how to build hypotheses\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?resize=350%2C175&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?resize=768%2C384&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?resize=572%2C286&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 572w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/how-to-build-hypotheses3.jpg?resize=880%2C440&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>How To Use <\/b><b>Decision Tree in Consulting<\/b><b> to Build MECE <\/b><b>Hypotheses<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In today\u2019s post, we will explain the steps to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in a more effective, methodical, and, for a lack of a better word, a more MECE (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) way, using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When we do cases with candidates, even our own clients, what always surprises us is how messy their <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s almost as if people are just throwing out <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they have without any real understanding of how to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">create<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a structure, with the help of a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to ensure the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> derived from the structure are on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/mece-8020\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MECE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most people<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are primarily right-brain thinkers by nature. That means that they will throw out an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">idea<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> first and then <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decide<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if it solves the problem they are trying to address. They are basically <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/brainstorming-technique-management-consulting-strategy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">brainstorming<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the traditional sense of the word, but in a very messy way without priorities and a link to the issue. This type of thinking can often lead to big breakthrough insights but it will not work during consulting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/case-interviews\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or during <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/leadership-challenge-on-the-consulting-engagement\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consulting engagements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as consultants are expected to think in a structured way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And what I find with most<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is that they are very ill-considered, they have poor structure beneath them and most importantly they are not <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nor are they <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive (MECE)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And by their very nature <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are difficult to make <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think about it. You develop these <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and then you have to explain why the problem exists, which is hard on its own. And then you have to compare each <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the next <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you develop to make sure you have listed every possible <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You also have to make sure the issue you covered in one <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> doesn\u2019t overlap with another <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Trying to package issues into <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while trying to get all the issues listed and in the right order is naturally going to be very difficult.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not something that is taught in MBA programs or any training programs that we know of outside of leading <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">management consulting <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">firms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This video\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teaches this entire process below in great detail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hypotheses Development on Strategy Studies \/ Management Consulting\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NViQvBkCDSo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This additional video\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teaches comprehensive McKinsey hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">based case interview approach. This is necessary to show the firm you can hit the ground running and add immediate value. Those interviewing for Deloitte S&amp;O, Roland Berger, McKinsey Implementation, etc. are strongly advised to watch both videos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Comprehensive McKinsey Hypotheses Based Case Interview Approach\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dwsQ2f2wYpU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><b>Hypothesis Based Consulting<\/b><b> vs. a <\/b><b>Decision Tree Approach<\/b><b> &#8211; Which approach Does MBB prefer?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leading <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">management consulting<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> firms, whether it is BCG, McKinsey or Bain (collectively called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/mbb-rule-consulting-for-32-reasons\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MBB<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), like hypothesis-based<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consulting<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is also called the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">answer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-first approach. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">answer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> being the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, BCG tends to also accept the decision <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-leading-to-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approach to solving cases. We also have had candidates who interviewed at McKinsey and used a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the case and did well. They basically did not go into formal <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The approach of using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is usually less appropriate at Bain where they tend to be quite frigid in wanting <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> upfront.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At McKinsey, it depends on how well you use the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If you use it poorly they would probably think you aren\u2019t capable of developing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That is why you avoided the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the first place. And at BCG it is again like at McKinsey. They are not adamant they want <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They are okay with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as long as you use it effectively to arrive at the likely problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And in fact, if you use the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> decision tree approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> very well, they generally would be very happy with the technique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also avoid <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but I am yet to see anyone build neat and logical <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Even corporate strategy partners we work with to develop our training do not do this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>An Effective Technique to <\/b><b>Build Hypotheses<\/b><b> Using a <\/b><b>Decision Tree<\/b><b> \u2013 The Best of Both Worlds<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So what I want to talk you through today is a very effective technique we teach all of our clients in terms of how to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build hypotheses <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that are MECE, by using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/strategy-studies\/#!step-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">strategy training programs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> we teach, in-depth, how to go through the entire <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from defining the issue, all the way through structuring the problem, developing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, building an analysis plan, conducting analyses, synthesizing and providing the recommendation. In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/alice-and-michael\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Consulting Offer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> training program (consulting case interview training program where we help real candidates get offers from top firms), we teach the part of this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> applicable to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We get a lot of questions about how to use this technique well and how to adopt it for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with consulting firms so this post should provide some clarification.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The technique we teach candidates is to develop a key question upfront \u2013 define the problem (step one in the exhibit below). Then from your key question brainstorm out the sub-drivers of the key question, which gives you the first-level branches of your<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At a very high level, the strategy engagement structure can be simplified into 6 basic steps, keeping in mind that it is an iterative <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (shown in the exhibit below). Structuring the problem (developing a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) fits within step 2 of this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and developing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hypotheses <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fits within step 3, as shown in the diagram below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11264\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?resize=1586%2C918&#038;quality=89&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"hypotheses firmsconsulting strategy consulting decision tree\" width=\"1586\" height=\"918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?w=1586&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 1586w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?resize=350%2C203&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?resize=768%2C445&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?resize=494%2C286&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 494w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy-consulting-decision-tree1.jpg?resize=760%2C440&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For each sub-driver\/branch of the first level of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, brainstorm the drivers of that particular driver. This part of the approach is called structuring the problem or brainstorming (refer to step 2 in the exhibit above called structure the problem). Each level of drivers\/<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the decision tree must be <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (MECE).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the drivers\/<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are collectively called the framework\/structure for the case.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, when you complete the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> must be prioritized and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are developed ONLY for the prioritized <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You can sometimes <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a case without <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because the drivers are so specific and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> out the problem. So, you only use <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not generating an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">answer <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, for the prioritized <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/drivers, should be worded as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Event causing the observable phenomenon\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observable phenomenon\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Event caused by an observable phenomenon\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">example<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a properly structured <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is below:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11266 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?resize=1024%2C512&#038;quality=89&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"hypotheses example\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?w=1024&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?resize=350%2C175&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?resize=768%2C384&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?resize=572%2C286&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 572w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-example1.jpg?resize=880%2C440&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The development of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are the core skills behind strategy consulting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an actual consulting study, the team comes up with analyses necessary to test the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are developed. They then build the work plan, conduct the analyses, synthesize the findings, and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">present<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the final recommendation to the client.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All well-planned studies work this way. If you are in a study that does not follow this approach, you are almost certainly doing unnecessary analyses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s look at an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">example <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of applying the technique of developing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s assume I gave you a case whereby I told you that a famous French restaurant, a single restaurant in downtown Manhattan, faced a steep drop in profits over the last three years. Their profitability went from something like $10,000 a day to about $1,000 &#8211; $2,000 a day and they think it has a lot to do with the changes in their opening times, the menu, the clientele they serve, and so on.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And most of all, they think the drop in profitability is driven primarily by the change in working hours. They went from being open during lunch and dinner to opening throughout the day from 10 am to 1 am. They want you to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Help them address the problem. Maybe try to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> this case before reading the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11253\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy1.jpg?resize=560%2C315&#038;quality=89&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"hypotheses firmsconsulting strategy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy1.jpg?w=560&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy1.jpg?resize=350%2C197&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/hypotheses-firmsconsulting-strategy1.jpg?resize=508%2C286&amp;quality=89&amp;ssl=1 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The way we would teach candidates to apply <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is to start by taking some time to think about <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Then come back once you\u2019ve got your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, you may have no <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but if you do, always take some time to think about it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A clarifying question is a question to understand the information provided to you. It is NOT to dig for more new information to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the case. It is to understand what you have. If you ask <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to gain new information without understanding and using the information already provided, the interviewer will <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wonder<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> what the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">value <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of providing you with new information is if you could not use the information initially offered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could ask the interviewer, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is it possible for me to go through my <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? I have four of them and they could help me develop my structure. Or, would you prefer to see my structure upfront knowing full well that my <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if answered, may change my structure a little bit<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That is a good technique because it gives the interviewer an option with regards to which approach they prefer and the opportunity to guide you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s assume the interviewer said, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s okay. Ask your <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can go ahead. Ask no more than four. If you come up with additional questions during this discussion you can say, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I asked the four but two more came up based on the conversation we had.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d Most of the time the interviewer will allow you to ask it. But don\u2019t go into 7, 8, or 10 questions. Don\u2019t try to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the case. That is for later. You want to merely understand what you have been given.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are not there to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the case. They are used to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">identify<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then you would take the information from the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and rephrase the initial problem statement to say, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okay, I\u2019m going to paraphrase what you\u2019ve given to me. We need to figure out how can a French restaurant located in downtown New York went from $1,000-$2,000 of profits to $10,000 of profits without altering its menu and without changing the cuisine it offers.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assume that not altering its menu and the cuisine it offers are the answers to the two of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You then have to build in the information you received by asking <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Please do not <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">present<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without using the answers to your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If you did that, what would be the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of even asking <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? They would be wasted since you are not using them to narrow down the problem statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Narrowing down the problem statement makes the case really easy to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most candidates <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">struggle in a case since they do not understand the problem statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It must be noted that Bain and McKinsey tend to have very clear problem statements and this step may not be needed. BCG tends to have broader questions so this step may be needed. In general, if the problem statement is vague, you want to narrow it down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next, you could say, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What drives profitability? Well, clearly it would be revenue and <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. And what are the drivers of revenue and <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? The drivers of revenue are different revenue streams. So it&#8217;s food, alcoholic beverages, and non-alcoholic beverages. It will also be the time of the day that the restaurant is open. The drivers of the <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be fixed and variable<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cost.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What many candidates do is they would simply ask the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">upfront and throw in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Don\u2019t do that. Your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would be too vague at this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develop your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Develop your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the second level of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first level of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">would be revenue minus <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The second level of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would be the drivers of revenue and the drivers of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you have the drivers of revenue and the drivers of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you can develop a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for each prioritized branch you think is important to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the case. Not all the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be important. Use your judgment and the information provided in the case to prioritize the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develop a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for the food revenue stream, the nonalcoholic beverage revenue stream, the alcoholic beverage revenue stream, and the hours when the restaurant is open. Then develop <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for fixed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That is, assuming you wanted to prioritize them all. You could just as easily have prioritized fewer <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s go through some <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We would say, \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the restaurant is open longer hours, they may have alienated some clientele, attracted new clientele, and also incurred higher <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is not compensated by higher revenue. That is one <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This steep drop in revenue is probably driven by the fact that there is a different clientele coming in which is demanding different prices<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the alcoholic beverage side we would come up with a similar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and on the fixed as well as variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> side.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s look at the variable <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> side. I would hypothesize that it is possible that although variable <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have decreased due to the drop in revenue, it has not decreased sufficiently to compensate for the drop in revenue.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the fixed <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> side, I would hypothesize that due to the longer operating hours, our fixed <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may have increased to carry the longer operating hours.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notice how <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">specific hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the sub-drivers are. They are more useful than throwing out drivers for revenue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> don\u2019t require all three parts as in the image above, but they MUST be tightly linked to the issue in that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one branch<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This prevents overlap with other <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you build your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> off the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you maximize your chances to build useful <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because you will have to make sure that your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So if you build your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> off your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and if you did a thorough job, your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by default would be <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And if your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> would also be <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And obviously, your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are dependent upon the information they have given you in the case and the clarifying information you have collected when you asked <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> upfront.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an effective and simple technique to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mutually exclusive<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collectively exhaustive <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">way. If you just throw <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> out without deriving them from a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you will have no way of knowing whether they made sense or whether they are MECE.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our clients are trained to do all of this in 60 \u2013 120 seconds flat. That is pretty fast and would only work if you understand the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NViQvBkCDSo&amp;t=448s\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaches this entire <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> above in great detail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This additional <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dwsQ2f2wYpU\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaches comprehensive McKinsey hypotheses based case interview approach. This is necessary to show the firm you can hit the ground running and add immediate <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">value.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Those interviewing for Deloitte S&amp;O, Roland Berger, McKinsey Implementation, etc. are strongly advised to watch both videos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>How To Apply <\/b><b>Hypotheses<\/b><b> With The <\/b><b>Decision Tree<\/b><b> Technique At MBB<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you get to a McKinsey interview you follow the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">above, but you don\u2019t need to show the interviewer the entire <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That is key. With the McKinsey interviewer or Bain interviewer, you don\u2019t tell them what your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is, because for McKinsey and Bain the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the case is very obvious. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are largely redundant because they tend to give you the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> very clearly and upfront. Therefore, there is no reason to narrow it down or rephrase it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The case is not conceptually difficult as, for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">example<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a BCG case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, for McKinsey and Bain, you build out your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as we taught you above. Yet, you don\u2019t discuss your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clarifying questions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. What you do is you build your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> purely to help you develop a framework and then based on prioritized <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, develop <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, just explain your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and very briefly how you <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">created <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To recap, in McKinsey and Bain interviews they are not going to see your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">key question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They may want to see your approach, but what you really want to show them is your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Setting Out The Alternatives<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Problems result in several alternatives, and it is essential to think about these alternatives before tackling the issues. Setting out the alternatives is like simply stating the obvious. Also, acknowledging that specific facts and events can exist in a circumstance will assist in the problem-solving <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when employing the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approach.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, a team head of an organization wants to hold a get-together at his home with his team members. It is the rainy season, and he is faced with uncertainty about the weather conditions. On the one hand, he wants to hold it on the lawn in the front of his home, so everyone can be comfortable and enjoy the fresh air. So, he is considering what the weather will be like and how it will affect the party.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on considerations, holding it in the open has the following probabilities:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pleasant weather without rain, offering everyone luxury and utmost comfort.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A rain-filled day, ruining the event and leaving everyone disappointed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternatively, hosting the party inside the house has the following odds:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A rain-free day leaving everyone wishing that they had used the lawn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A rain-filled day, leaving everyone happy, comfortable and satisfied that they had made the right choice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We listed the alternatives to this condition. We stated the possibilities that could happen in this circumstance. We didn&#8217;t have to give complicated <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Just as we set out the alternatives for this problem, we can also do the same for complex cases by using <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. To <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> difficult situations, we need to remember that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comprise several junctions and subsidiaries. While the junctions represent alternative decisions, the subsidiaries depict the possible hypothetical outcomes of each decision.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symbols like squares and circles can represent decisions on<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> decision trees,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while double lines, colors, single lines, etc., can be used to represent subsidiaries. However big your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is, it must have and combine these components:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alternative actionable choices\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Probable outcomes of every chosen action<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most times, these results are partly influenced by either fate or some condition that cannot be controlled. We must note that the above-listed components must be blended to give realistic results and keep our clients on the right path.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>The Decision-Event Methodology<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To aid your clients in building MECE <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypotheses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you need to use the decision-event methodology effectively. It is an effective way of handling situations that require more than one decision stage. The instance we used above has just one action stage, meaning that one decision path did not lead to another junction of decision choices. We cited it to establish the primary principles for building complicated <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider a more complex situation where a majority shareholder wants to approve an upgrade <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">project<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for a product. The board of directors believes that approving an upgrade will give the firm an advantage over its competitors. However, on the other hand, forfeiting the upgrade might mean that the brand may lose its position to its market alternatives.\u00a0 So, the first crossroad is to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decide<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if the upgrade needs to be done or not. Hence, a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assuming they are doing a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, if they kill the upgrade <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">idea,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> this path will end at two subsidiaries:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competitors can introduce their upgrades, sending this firm down the ranking chart.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Competitors do not introduce an upgrade, preserving this firm\u2019s market position.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, if they <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decide<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to go on with the upgrade, there will be two new junctions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project success<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> failure<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The board does not have to seriously consider the failure path because the hypothetical outcomes will be like those of the scrapped <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">idea<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with an additional possibility of trying again. However, the project\u2019s <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">success <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will lead them to either shelving or commercially producing the upgraded product. The former choice might not be favorable because they may eventually release the upgrade after their competitors have introduced theirs. The latter can either yield an all-around market expansion or a struggle with competitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The wise thing to do in this situation is to analyze the necessary actions and outcomes and those that have significant consequences. For the firm to make informed decisions, it needs to apply the following strategies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying actions and options at every junction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying areas that pose ambivalence and the kind or level of the varying outcome at every stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculating the necessary values when analyzing, especially the possibilities of various outcomes and the expenses and profits attached to every action and result.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to deliberate what the project&#8217;s financial situation will look like while examining the production decisions. The fixed and variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> must be within the safe spending capacity of the company. Also, they have to be realistic when compared with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">expected value<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> returns at the end of every fiscal year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Using <\/b><b>Decision Making Trees<\/b><b> in Critical Decision Making<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decision-making trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can play a vital role when a company needs to make a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">particular decision<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Properly executed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> guide decision makers to arrive at an effective <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">final decision <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that maximizes chances for the most profitable financial return, sustainability, and competitive advantage. As expected, every person holding a vital position in the firm will have varying opinions that will likely be conflicting \u2013 people like the capital suppliers, major <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">idea<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contributors, decision-makers, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analysts, and other board members that have a say in the company. If these ideological differences are not checked and ironed out carefully and critically, the decision-makers, investors, information suppliers, and data analysts will judge the case, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> importance, essence of analysis, and canon of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">success<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in ways that do not agree with one another.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, the firm\u2019s shareholders may handle a significant investment as one with several unpredictable outcomes. That investment might threaten a middle-level manager, including his job and entire career. Others will have a lot to benefit from the investment if it works and little to lose if it fails. In essence, the level of risk staked at every individual affects their presumptions and decision strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hence, to avoid the negative consequences of the political reasoning of every individual, the central deciding personnel need to make the following evaluations:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the things at risk?<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is it the net profit or equity <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">value<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the business\u2019 strength and life span, job security, or the possibility of a profitable career?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who is affected by the risk?<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is it only the shareholders or the company\u2019s managerial body, staff, or the entire community? (Even if they are all affected by the risk, they may bear it differently).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the nature of the risk that the affected parties suffer from<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? Is it general or unique? (While shareholders may bear their risks in one form, other parties might bear their risks differently).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To what extent does the risk affect the company and the general economy? <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is it a one-off or a lifetime risk? Is it successive? Can it be insured? Is the risk consequential to a unit in the company, the entire company, the sector of operation, or the country\u2019s economy?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above-listed evaluations can help the board make informed decisions. While the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decision tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will not completely solve the problems, it will give the management an avenue to choose a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">course<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of action to facilitate the firm\u2019s goals. This is a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">big advantage <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of using decision trees for decision-making.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Adopting The <\/b><b>Issue Trees<\/b><b> Framework<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another name for the decision tree is the issue tree. As we discussed, for some <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">management consulting<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> firms like McKinsey, their approach and framework for handling problems is the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">management consulting <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">interview, you might need to adopt the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> framework to answer questions on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Issue trees make the problem-solving <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> more accurate and straightforward. Although this system is not adequately taught in business institutes, consultants are often required to be equipped with the knowledge for utmost excellence in their careers. Those who know how to use <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are at an advantage in acing their <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They know how to arrange their thoughts within a short time and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">present<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> themselves as excellent communicators.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In essence, these <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aid consulting teams in seamlessly achieving the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discovering significant problems in every complicated business case in a structured way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gaining the advantage of leading their dialogues in a structured way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deciding how they should set every job and resource for practical problem-solving.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finding an actionable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to every problem in a structured way.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be referred to as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">logic trees.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In some cases, they are referred to as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">why trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help you understand why a problem is occurring. They are illustrations used to divide complex business questions into comprehensible bits. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are often effective in handling <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They are like horizontal trees that flow from the top <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">left side <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">right. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are broken into more straightforward queries as they flow towards the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">answer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the right).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You might be thinking, \u201cBut outlines are productive.\u201d Yeah, that is true. Outlines are fine, but <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are more effective. Outlines and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help effectively arrange the queries you want to tackle. However, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aid in effective communication because they clearly reveal the connections between the original complex queries and the deduced root-cause queries. After completing an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the most relevant areas that will be useful for solving the client&#8217;s puzzles must have shown up.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An example of this is the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">profitability tree.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">profitability tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explores the different ways a business can maximize profit. It starts from the key question on the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">left side<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and breaks it down into revenue and cost, and then further breaks down these components into more detail.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Let\u2019s Explore Some <\/b><b>Issue Tree<\/b><b> Examples And Case Studies<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are adequate for handling almost any kind of case. Let us take a few <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree examples <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and see <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be used to tackle problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Example <\/b><b>1.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We will pick our first <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">example<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from a regular case query:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYour client manufactures and distributes plastics. They are finding it more expensive to run their production plant in Belgium; hence, they consider shutting down the plant and relocating to their facility in Germany.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first stage of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the client&#8217;s query,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cShould they close their plastic producing plant in Belgium?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second stage of the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> issue tree <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will be divided into three layers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The financial aspect<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The operational aspect<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall considerations of the brand<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s go in-depth into each of these layers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Financial Aspect<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Considering the financial aspect of the brand, the hypothetical question to ask is,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cWill the firm be positively or negatively affected after shutting down the plant?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the financial aspect, there are five major areas to consider. They are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plant&#8217;s operating <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The one-off expenses that will come with closing the plant<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The supply <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government benefits<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Income<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Plant&#8217;s Operating <\/b><b>Costs<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plant&#8217;s operating <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">open into the fourth stage, which encompasses variable and fixed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Costs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: What is the actual variable <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for every unit? (NOTE: You can consider the high transportation or labor <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as factors that could be causing the move intention).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fixed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Costs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: What are the plant&#8217;s facility expenses? (NOTE: A considerable situation could be the increased<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of purchasing lands and structures).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The One-Off Expenses<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the one-off <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we can raise three queries:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What expenses will come with shutting down the plant in Belgium?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the severance expenses?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the price of moving equipment from the abandoned site to another place?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Supply <\/b><b>Costs<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much will it <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to supply products with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">present<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> economy?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If production is moved to Germany, what will be the future <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supply chain<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will the tariffs change if production happens from Germany?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Government Benefits<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Does the German government offer incentives to companies in their states?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What kind of incentives does the government give?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will the incentives favor existing projects or new ones?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are the incentives&#8217; terms and conditions difficult to keep?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are government subsidies due for operation in Belgium?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Income<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will the company still make sales and maintain its market position in Belgium if they are still producing there?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will they lose customers in other countries if they relocate the plant to Germany?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">expected value <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the company is looking to have after relocation?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Operational Aspect<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hypothetical question for this aspect is,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cCan the firm manufacture plastics in a different location?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this aspect, the significant areas to analyze are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The company&#8217;s operational capability in other places<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The effects on supply\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Company&#8217;s Operational Capability In Other Places<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can the firm&#8217;s operational capability be spread across several plants?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are there plants available to take up every needed capability?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How long will it take other plants and facilities to step up to demands?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The Effects On Supply<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What locations are the goods being supplied to?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What kind of effect will the relocation lay on lead-time product supplies?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will there be a need for a supply facility to keep up with customer-demanded lead times regularly?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much effect will the relocation lay on lead-time product supplies?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Overall Considerations On The Brand<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the brand considerations, our hypothetical question will be:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cWhat will happen to the firm if it relocates its plant to Germany?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three major categories to analyze under this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> question:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Will The Company Suffer If It Relocates?<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To what extent will it suffer?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How long will the brand suffer?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Will It Maintain Its Market Stance?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the possibilities of experiencing a rise and fall over time?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How long will it maintain its stance?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will its maintained market stance give it an edge or a loss to its competitors?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Will The Firm Grow After Relocating?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Will its maintained market stance give it an edge or a loss to its competitors?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What will be the company&#8217;s growth margin after relocating?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How consistent will the company&#8217;s growth be?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> we have successfully established an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for this business problem. We can deduce that this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not even. There are several areas to examine under the financial aspect. No matter the number of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">branches <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you cover, ensure that every element is adequately considered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, you can hint to your interviewer that the end decision will be centered around the financial aspects. However, they will be matched against the brand and operational aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Example 2.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s look at another <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree example<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Let us consider another business problem that can pop up during a second session interview.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In second session interviews, the structure can strategically change, making the business problem sound more realistic. Here we go:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cWhy was there a liquor scarcity on retail shelves in the U.S during the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, to solve this one, our first stage on the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the query:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cWas there a higher liquor demand than supply during the early stage of the pandemic?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then, the second stage of the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be divided into two layers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquor demand<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquor supply<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Liquor Demand<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hypothetical question for this layer is:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cDid the demand for liquor exist in the U.S?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This question takes us to the next stage, the third stage under liquor demand. The third stage comprises three layers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquor usage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The behavior of consumers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquor alternatives<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Liquor Usage<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Speaking of liquor usage, the center <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of consideration is how the consumption of liquor changed during the first Covid-19 season.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much liquor did each customer consume every week?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much time did people spend at home compared to their offices and public places?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How did that influence the demand levels?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What conditions caused the increase in liquor consumption? (NOTE: You can speculate that boredom and uncertainty caused the spike in alcohol intake).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>The Behavior of Consumers<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The behavior of consumers towards shopping was different at the early stage of the pandemic. How did it change? Hence, these queries.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What was the liquor shopping rate of Americans before the Covid-19 pandemic?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Did the shopping rate rise at the beginning of the pandemic?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much impact did the lockdown and its anticipation have on shoppers&#8217; behaviors?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What impact did panic purchases have on the demand levels?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To what extent did the panic purchase affect the demand?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Looking at the liquor demand queries above, we can see that the consumption hiked because of panic purchases and boredom at home. Although there was no factual information, we could still coin vital, relevant, and resourceful questions to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solve<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Liquor Alternatives<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are some alternatives for liquor. However, they might not be widely adopted as substitutes. Hence, these queries:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How many people opted for liquor alternatives?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Were the alternatives as affordable as liquor?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By what margin was the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cost<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the alternatives different from liquor?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What was the demand level for these substitutes?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now let us head to the supply stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Liquor Supply<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hypothetical question for this stage is:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cDid the U.S experience a liquor supply deficit?\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This query takes us to the third stage under liquor supply. The third stage comprises five layers:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market prediction\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production capability<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory status<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raw materials and resources<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Market Prediction<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Did liquor producers predict the rise in demand? Hence, these questions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do liquor producers expect market demand?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much liquor is manufactured annually?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Production Capability<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do liquor producers have the ability to contain demand spikes?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much capacity do liquor producing plants have?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much time and resources are needed to improve plant capacities?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are there places that could be redesigned to manufacture liquor?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Distribution<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How well can the distribution sector handle hikes in demand?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is there an effective distribution system for raw materials and finished products?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What difficulties do distributors experience when shipping or supplying?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Inventory Status<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is there a need for an increment in inventory to handle the increased demands?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is there a need to add inventory at production plants?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Should there be an inventory concentration at warehouses and shops?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Raw Materials and Resources<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What amount of resources are available to be supplied to producers to handle the demand hike?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the primary raw materials for liquor production?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is there enough supply of resources and raw materials?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What kind of hindrance prevented the importation of raw materials and human resources? E.g. reduced labor due to ailments and Covid-19 safety precautions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now we have an exhaustive list of case questions to aid our client. This is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be very instrumental in solving business cases and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complex problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let us look at techniques we can use to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">create<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">great issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Ideas<\/b><b> And <\/b><b>Best Practices<\/b><b> For <\/b><b>Creating<\/b><b> Actionable <\/b><b>Issue Trees<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will make you effective, productive, and fast when you are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">creating<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Remember, when it comes to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you don\u2019t have all day. So, you need to come up with <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">potential solutions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within a limited time frame. These <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">best practices<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will surely come in handy for your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consulting interviews<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Constantly Write Out An <\/b><b>Issue Tree<\/b><b> For Basic Frameworks<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Writing out <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for every essential framework helps your fluency. This habitual practice helps your flow in foundational business frameworks like supply, profitability, demand, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Spend Enough Time Reflecting On Your Framework Before You Analyze<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can take as long as two minutes to ponder on your framework before moving on to the analysis. You don&#8217;t have to be anxious about how your client will feel during your silent period. The beautiful thing is that your result will turn out to be very helpful.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Ensure It Is <\/b><b>Mutually Exclusive<\/b><b> And <\/b><b>Collectively Exhaustive<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By making it MECE, you make your client trust that you have the bases for tackling <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complex problems <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and that you will address the problem in a structured manner. So, after creating your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ask yourself, is my <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree MECE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? If it isn\u2019t, you might want to revisit your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure that all key points are covered and there are no overlapping points.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Ensure You <\/b><b>Create<\/b><b> More Than Two Stages In Your <\/b><b>Tree<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may not address the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case question<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> substantially if you just handle it in two layers. Remember that one of the aims is to break down the complex question into simple successive units. However, avoid having too many stages so you don&#8217;t get interlocked in the issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Let Your <\/b><b>Issue Tree <\/b><b>Be An Effective Communication Medium<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure to keep constant communication with your interviewer or client when <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">creating<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">logic trees<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This way, you won\u2019t miss out on vital details, opportunities, and intuitive <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You need to keep a consistent <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">focus <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tree<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to address every <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and at the same time, you have to relate your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thought process<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">potential solutions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to your interviewer from time to time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><b>Make Effective Use Of The <\/b><b>Issue Tree<\/b><b> Throughout The Discussion<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issue tree <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">keeps you effective and guided during your <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case interview.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If you fail to leverage it, you may miss relevant points that will lead to practical solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>QUESTION(S) OF THE DAY:<\/strong>\u00a0Which part of the hypotheses with decision tree technique do you find most challenging? Please share in the comments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SPREAD THE WORD!<\/strong>\u00a0Like this? Please share it.<\/p>\n<p>Also, remember to visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/about-case-interviews-strategy\/id904509526?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iTunes<\/a>\u00a0account to rate us and post comments on what more you would like to see.<\/p>\n<p><strong>COME HANG OUT WITH US:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Firmsconsulting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/firmsconsulting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/firmsconsulting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Image from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/aturkus\/454776951\/in\/photolist-GbRkV-azxWZy-8Lzp2J-paDXuR-dsPz6V-DonUQ-5yQHNx-v4zJQC-5kmPcD-q3YB6k-q1Wh6Y-fzv8id-rWpRnd-5S43fB-sNEx2t-h3mPWe-9prtqt-9AoBmc-Ty2U-8FgdJB-5r2fAc-dUPw8P-vAQJKM-b6n1Dx-nBiueX-rhmmYM-hMyQs5-jjvzc7-i1u8HM-9RaG4u-diqfo7-8H7WFK-94572n-9puvJq-fKB8eM-4UJCjc-pmJtK4-6V9xz5-bho5uK-dXgYSh-rn6HH4-i87cpN-eMxuyX-dnGnuU-q6cqgR-efhSU4-jKUj9x-aZWtyr-dGHmje-rQFTwD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alan Turkus<\/a>\u00a0under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cc<\/a>, cropped, text added.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RELATED ARTICLES:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/case-interview-tips\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Case Interview Tips<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/part-thirteen-case-interview-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Case Interview Plan<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/quarterly\/part-seven-applying-to-mckinsey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Applying to McKinsey<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To ensure your hypotheses are MECE, follow this hypotheses-with-decision-trees approach to structure your case during an interview or consulting study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":209368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-196457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-management-consulting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.9 (Yoast SEO v25.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Building MECE Hypotheses with Decision Trees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using Decision Tree Consulting to Build MECE Hypotheses\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FIRMSconsulting | Strategy Skills &amp; Case Interviews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/firmsconsulting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"936\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"604\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kris Safarova\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@firmsconsulting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@firmsconsulting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kris Safarova\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"29 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kris Safarova\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/90efe579d94d4c29f3ea150695a43135\"},\"headline\":\"Using Decision Tree Consulting to Build MECE Hypotheses\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\"},\"wordCount\":6399,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Management Consulting\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\",\"name\":\"Building MECE Hypotheses with Decision Trees\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1\",\"width\":936,\"height\":604},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/\",\"name\":\"FIRMSconsulting | Strategy Skills & Case Interviews\",\"description\":\"Ex-McKinsey et al. Partners Teaching Strategy Skills and Case Interviews\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"FIRMSconsulting\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-21-at-7.51.55-PM.png?fit=324%2C186&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-21-at-7.51.55-PM.png?fit=324%2C186&ssl=1\",\"width\":324,\"height\":186,\"caption\":\"FIRMSconsulting\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/firmsconsulting\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/firmsconsulting\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/90efe579d94d4c29f3ea150695a43135\",\"name\":\"Kris Safarova\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/176bcbf26e3a728448cdb37249fece3ef97cab8c95630dc67d23c2fcadd45c19?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/176bcbf26e3a728448cdb37249fece3ef97cab8c95630dc67d23c2fcadd45c19?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kris Safarova\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Building MECE Hypotheses with Decision Trees","description":"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Using Decision Tree Consulting to Build MECE Hypotheses","og_description":"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.","og_url":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/","og_site_name":"FIRMSconsulting | Strategy Skills &amp; Case Interviews","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/firmsconsulting","article_published_time":"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":936,"height":604,"url":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Kris Safarova","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@firmsconsulting","twitter_site":"@firmsconsulting","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kris Safarova","Est. reading time":"29 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/"},"author":{"name":"Kris Safarova","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/90efe579d94d4c29f3ea150695a43135"},"headline":"Using Decision Tree Consulting to Build MECE Hypotheses","datePublished":"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/"},"wordCount":6399,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1","articleSection":["Management Consulting"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/","url":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/","name":"Building MECE Hypotheses with Decision Trees","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1","datePublished":"2020-03-03T22:10:11+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-27T04:02:37+00:00","description":"Learn how to use decision tree consulting to create mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive (MECE) hypotheses for your business problems.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/build-hypotheses-mece-with-decision-tree\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1","width":936,"height":604},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/","name":"FIRMSconsulting | Strategy Skills & Case Interviews","description":"Ex-McKinsey et al. Partners Teaching Strategy Skills and Case Interviews","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#organization","name":"FIRMSconsulting","url":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-21-at-7.51.55-PM.png?fit=324%2C186&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-21-at-7.51.55-PM.png?fit=324%2C186&ssl=1","width":324,"height":186,"caption":"FIRMSconsulting"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/firmsconsulting","https:\/\/x.com\/firmsconsulting"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/90efe579d94d4c29f3ea150695a43135","name":"Kris Safarova","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/176bcbf26e3a728448cdb37249fece3ef97cab8c95630dc67d23c2fcadd45c19?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/176bcbf26e3a728448cdb37249fece3ef97cab8c95630dc67d23c2fcadd45c19?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kris Safarova"}}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Build-Hypotheses.webp?fit=936%2C604&quality=80&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgmFlb-P6F","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/209368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firmsconsulting.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}